In a judgment delivered on 23 April 2026 (C-528/24, Boothnesse), the EU Court of Justice held that, under the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the mere possibility that the requesting State may breach of the rule of speciality does not, in itself, justify refusal of surrender. What matters is whether that feared breach gives rise to a real risk of a violation of fundamental rights. The case arose from proceedings before the Irish Supreme Court concerning three individua